The union of agricultural and animal husbandry black goat breeding experts teach you how to give the

The union of agricultural and animal husbandry black goat breeding experts teach you how to give the injection treatment of disease of sheep

有网友发帖问“怎么找山羊的静脉血管，我想跟羊输液”。看来还是有许多养羊户希望学习给羊打针的知识。现将有关给羊打针的方法介绍于后，供养羊户参考。

Netizen hair post asks "how to find a vein in goat, I want to talk to the sheep infusion". It seems there is still a lot of sheep farmers hope to inject knowledge learning sheep. The relevant to the method introduced in the sheep injection after feed sheep household reference.

现在广泛应用的兽用注射器有玻璃、金属、尼龙、塑料等4种，按其容量有1、2、5、10、20、30，50、100ml等规格，大量输液时则有容量较大的输液瓶(吊瓶)，此外还有装甲注射器、连续注射器、结核菌素注射器、无针注射器、注射枪等。

Now widely used veterinary syringe with glass, metal, nylon, plastic and other 4 kinds, according to its capacity with 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100ml specification, a lot of infusion is a transfusion bottle with larger capacity (bottle), in addition to armor, continuous syringe, tuberculin syringe the syringe, needle free injector, injection gun.

注射器使用之前，应当检查注射器有无破损，针筒和针筒活塞是否相配，金属注射器的橡胶垫是否老化，松紧度的调节是否适宜，针尖是否锐利、畅通，与注射器的连接是否严密。然后清洗干净，煮沸或高压蒸气灭菌备用。

The syringe before use, should check whether the damaged syringe, the syringe and the needle cylinder piston are matched, rubber pad metal syringe is aging, whether it is appropriate to adjust the tightness, whether the sharp tip, smooth, and the connection is tight syringe. And then washed clean, boiled or autoclaved standby.

注射部位的处理：先剪毛，涂擦5%碘酊消毒，再以75%酒精脱碘，也可使用0.1%新洁而灭消毒。注射完毕，注射部位用酒精棉消毒。注射时必须严格执行无菌操作规程。

Treatment of the injection site: first shearing, rubbed 5% iodine tincture disinfection, and then to 75% alcohol deiodination, also can use 0.1% Bromogeramine disinfectant. After the injection, the injection site disinfected with alcohol cotton. Injection must be strict implementation of aseptic operation procedures.

注射前先将药液抽入注射器内或放入输液瓶中，同时要认真检查药品的质量，有无变质、混浊、沉淀。如果混注两种以上药液时，应注意有无配伍禁忌。抽完药液后，一定要排出注射器内或输液瓶胶管中的气泡

Injection before the liquid medicine into the syringe or into the infusion bottle, at the same time to carefully check the quality of medicines, there is no metamorphism, turbidity, sedimentation. If mixed injection more than two kinds of medicine liquid, should pay attention to whether the incompatibility. Finish after the physic liquor, must be discharged in the syringe or bubbles in the infusion bottle rubber hose

现只介绍养黑山羊户可能经常使用的皮下注射、肌肉注射和静脉注射方法。

We introduce only raise black goat households may often use subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection and intravenous injection method.

一、皮下注射：

A subcutaneous injection:

将药液注射于皮下结缔组织内，经毛细血管、淋巴管吸收进入血液，发挥药效作用，达到防治疾病的目的。凡是易溶解，无强刺激性的药品及疫苗、菌苗等，均可作皮下注射。皮下注射的药物不如肌肉注射那样很快地随血液进入身体的所有组织，但是它会大大减少对于胴体外观的损害。

Liquid medicine injection in subcutaneous connective tissue, the blood capillaries and lymphatic absorption into the blood, play a pharmacodynamics effect, achieve the purpose of disease treatment. Usually easy to dissolve, no strong stimulating drugs and vaccines, vaccine of and so on, can make the subcutaneous injection. Subcutaneous injection of drugs than intramuscular injection as quickly with the blood into all tissues of the body, but it will greatly reduce the carcass appearance damage.

最好的注射部位是颈侧或肘后的皮肤松弛处。注射时，刚好将药物注入到皮肤下面，而不要注入到肌肉内。可使用1英寸长的18-20号针头。左手中指和拇指捏起注射部位的皮肤，同时以食指尖压皱褶向下陷呈陷窝，右手持连接针头的注射器，从皱褶基部的陷窝处刺入皮下2～3厘米，此时如感觉针头无抵抗，且能自由活动针头时，左手把持针头连接部，右手推压针筒活塞，即可注射药液。如需注射大量药液时，应分点注射。注完后，左手持酒精棉按住刺入点，右手拔出针头，局部消毒。必要时可对局部进行轻度按摩，促进吸收。为了避免针头误入血管内，应抽一下注射器的活塞，看注射器内是否回血。如果有血液出现，要完全退出针头，在新的部位重新剌入针头。

The injection site is the best skin relaxation at the lateral neck or elbow after. During injection, the drug is injected into the skin just below, but not injected into the muscle in. Can be used for 1 inch 18-20 number needle. Finger and the thumb of left hand pinch the skin injection site, at the same time to the index finger tip goffer sink to a lacuna, right hand holding the syringe connected to the needles, from lacunae wrinkle basal spines into the subcutaneous tissue of 2 ~ 3 cm, at this moment if you feel the needle without resistance, and can free the needle, needle is connected with the left hand control department, right hand pushing the needle cylinder piston, then the medicine liquid injection. If you need a large amount of liquid injection, should point injection. After injection, the left hand holds the alcohol cotton press piercing point, right hand pull out the needle, local disinfection. When necessary, gently massage to promote absorption of local. In order to avoid the needle into the blood vessel, should smoke a syringe piston syringe, to see whether the blood return. If there is blood, to completely withdraw from the needle in the new site re piercing into the needle.

图1 显现的是在肘后进行皮下注射。

Figure 1 shows is in after subcutaneous injection of elbow.

　　图2 显现的是在颈侧的适当部位进行皮下注射。

二、肌肉注射：
　　由于肌肉内血管丰富，肌肉注射的药物随血液很快进入身体的所有组织。其次肌肉内的感觉神经较少，故疼痛轻微。所以一般刺激性较强和较难吸收的药液，进行血管内注射。而有副作用的药液、油剂、乳剂而不能进行血管内注射的药液，为了缓慢吸收，持续发挥作用的药液等，均可应用肌肉内注射。
　　肌肉注射的最好部位是颈部的厚重肌肉区域。不要在近尾部的大腿肌肉进行肌肉注射，这可能会导致跛行和坐骨神经损害。肌肉注射量最好不要超过5毫升。可使用1.5英寸长的18-20号针头。左手的拇指与食指轻压注射局部，右手如执笔的方式把握注射器，使针头与皮肤垂直状，迅速刺入肌肉内。一般刺入2～4厘米，而后用左手拇指与食指握住露出皮外的针头结合部分，以食指指节顶在皮肤上，再用右手抽动针筒活塞，确认无回血后，即可注入药液。注射完毕，用左手持酒精棉球压迫针孔部，迅速拔出针头。为了避免针头误入血管内，应抽一下注射器的活塞，看注射器内是否回血。如果有血液出现，要完全退出针头，在新的部位重新剌入针头。
　　图3 白三角形所示区域是肌肉注射区域。

　　图4 山羊的颈部肌肉注射要稍为困难一些，针头和注射器所在的位置是最好的部位。

三、静脉注射：
　　静脉注射的药物随血液非常迅速地进入身体的所有组织。静脉内注射主要应用于大量的输液、输血，以治疗为目的急需速效的药物(如急救、强心等)，刺激性较强的药物或皮下、肌肉不能注射的药物等。
　　根据注射用量可备50-100毫升注射器。大量输液时则应用输液瓶(500-1000毫升)，并以乳胶管连接针头，在乳胶管中段装以滴注玻璃管或乳胶管夹子，以调节滴数，掌握其注入速度。注射药液的温度要接近于体温。使用1-1.5英寸长的18-20号针头(或连接乳胶管的针头)。大剂量静脉注射或输液的最好部位是颈部的颈静脉。奶山羊的小剂量静脉注射的部位有时也可选用乳静脉。如果采用乳静脉注射，最好使用小号注射针头，以减少过多出血的可能性。
　　图5 显现的是静脉注射时，保定绵羊或山羊的最舒适方式。除了这种保定方式外，也可采用黑山羊的侧卧保定。

　 图6 注射部位在颈静脉的上1/3与中1/3的交界处。首先找到颈静脉沟，确定颈静脉走向，用洒精对颈静脉区域擦拭清洁，使颈静脉区域消毒和颈静脉显现。

　 图7 用一只手的拇指横压注射部位稍下方(近心端)的颈静脉沟上，使脉管充盈怒张。

　图8 当静脉怒张而显露时，针头应朝向下方(心脏端)的方向剌入。使针尖斜面向上，沿颈静脉走向，在压迫点前上方约两厘米处，使针尖与皮肤成30～45度角，准确迅速地刺入静脉内。

　图9 见有回血时，再继续向前进针，松开左手，连接注射器或输液瓶的乳胶管，即可徐徐注入药液。如为输液瓶时，应先放低输液瓶，验证有回血后，再将输液瓶提至与动物头同高，并用夹子将乳胶管近端固定于颈部皮肤上，药物则徐徐地流入静脉内。注射完毕，左手持酒精棉棒或棉球压紧针孔，右手迅速拔出针头，而后涂5%碘酊消毒。